Accounting can be divided into two branches depending on the division criterion used. Depending on the type of economic entity to which the accounting information generated relates, the following classification can be established:[15] The operation of accounting is governed by accounting standards that differ from one country to another due to differences in fiscal, cultural, economic and political nature, which increases the comparability of information published by companies from different countries. disabled. These standards may be legally approved or regulated by private companies of a professional nature. Its content includes the principles, rules and practices necessary for the preparation of the annual accounts. [26] The Italian Luca Pacioli, recognized as the father of accounting and accounting, was the first person to publish a book on double entry and to introduce this discipline in Italy. [11] [12] Frac. I keep the accounts in accordance with the tax legislation of the association, its regulations and regulations of this law norms that govern accounting in our country: currently there are discussions on the table that try to define an ontological state of accounting, in which there are great disagreements on whether it has reached scientific status. That is, if we can call it science or not, art, language or simply technology. To avoid this discussion, it is often chosen to speak of accounting as a “discipline”, but some authors have made an effort to argue their position on the subject. Although accounting can be done manually, the use of computer applications that facilitate accounting work is currently widely used. Accounting software is the computer applications designed to systematize and simplify these tasks in the company. Applications can be limited to preparing accounting or integrated with the rest of the company`s IT system, such as invoicing, payroll, inventory, etc.[27] These are the accounting of small economic units.
The aim is to provide information that will be used in decision-making. Within micro-accounting, there is a distinction between a system of public accounting, which is carried out by the various public administrations, and a private accounting, oriented towards society. From a legal point of view, the law generally marks the period during which entrepreneurs must keep their compulsory books (journal, inventories and annual accounts), as well as non-compulsory books (main registers, VAT, auxiliary books, etc.), as well as the documentation and supporting documents that support the entries recorded in the books. In Spain, this retention period is set at six years. [25] Mandatory books must be kept on paper and in an appropriate cover. Accounting is a system in which assessments of internal and external processes that affect a company`s financial situation are presented and carried out. The legal framework for accounting is specified in Articles 33 to 38 of the French Commercial Code. The purpose of accounting is to provide information at a given time on the results achieved over a given period, which is useful for decision-making both for past management control and for estimates of future results, making such decisions in a rational and efficient manner. [2] It should also be recognized that in most scientific publications, the word “science” is most commonly used to refer to accounting, but there are no arguments to support the use of this word. Similarly, the use of the word “discipline” is a neutral option in this discussion, as it brings together the aspects associated with accounting without first having to define its scientific status.
In addition, Article 28 of the tax legislation of the Federation (SBB) specifies all the elements that make up the accounts, such as; Books, accounting systems and records, working documents, bank statements, special accounts, books and company registers, as well as all legal tax requirements that must be met. Accounting is a discipline responsible for the study, measurement and analysis of the assets, economic and financial situation of a company or organization, in order to facilitate decision-making within and under external control, and to present previously recorded information in a systematic and useful way to the various interested parties.
